Answer: D, all of the above.
Explanation: In history, drawing was the only recognized form of art, based on definition, drawings even now help language barriers, and before photography and film, people drew many things, like maps and hieroglyphs.
C. Societies of the Fertile Crescent believed in equality and communal living
Holes cut in the stone of the wall and filled with stained glass are called plate tracery, elaborated based on stone blocks or "plates" that are part of the muraría structure, in order to create a perforated pattern. It arises at the end of the XII century and the beginning of the XIII, before the need to add a decorative motif that would not leave bare the ashlar area that was free when two or more lancets were placed next to each other under an arched drip molding.
I think, based on the options provided for the answers that the correct response would be (d). As a focus of producing works with the physical form was not permitted. There are a few schools of thought on the subject... one is that only god can create the physical form so to do so would be as though you are aligning yourself at gods level and his creativity. While another thought is that the figure form is not allowed due the a concern that the art might then promote idolatry which was seen as a contradiction of the oneness of God. So while some patterns express symmetry they are not minimally colored and are quite the opposite. It is thought that the geometric patterns are more representational as a reflection of God’s infinite creations and should allow for spiritual contemplation and growth... which leads me to believe (d) is the correct choice.
