The Dutch East India Company had a mission to explore North America's rivers. Dutch explorers were asked to claim unclaimed areas. The dutch explorers claimed and named the province of New Netherland which was the first Dutch colony in North America. New Netherland was part of what now is New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Connecticut, and Delaware.
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In Southern Europe the coastal plains and river valleys allowed farming; the steep mountains allowed people to raise sheep and goats; and the peninsulas were used for traders and seafarers.
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Furthermore, Arab sailors applied their vast astronomical knowledge, accumulated over centuries of desert crossings, to high sea navigation. Among other contributions, the lateen sail, which allows ships to sail against the wind, was also invented by Arab sailors in the Indian Ocean.
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