Ozone and carbon monoxide
Answer:
d. Expressivity refers to the range of expression of a given phenotype.
e. Penetrance refers to the percentage of individuals that expresses the mutant phenotype.
Explanation:
Penetrance is the probability of a gene being expressed. Sometimes, phenotype is not observed even when the dominant allele is present. It is a result of various genetic and environmental factors coming together.This phenomenon is called as incomplete or reduced penetrance. For example: polydactyly trait is produced by a dominant allele but its penetrance is low in general population hence few people show this trait.
Expressivity is the variation in phenotypic expression when an allele is penetrant. Same genetic combination for a trait can have different expressivity in the same population. This phenomenon is also a result of genetic and environmental factors acting together. For example: people who do end up showing polydactyly trait may show it to different degrees. Some might have one extra finger, some might have two. Some might have a stub, some might have a full grown finger.
Answer:
During the process of the type of cloning known as Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT), once the nucleus is removed from the egg cell, blunt and sharp pipette both are used. The purpose of the blunt pipette is to hold the egg cell in position whereas the sharp pipette penetrates the cell to take the nucleus out by sucking it - a process known as "enucleation". This nucleus is discarded. Rather, this nucleus is replaced by a nucleus taken out from a somatic cell (same way as described before) of the same organism.
Hope that answers the question, have a great day!
I believe the answer would be Crossing Over.
Hope this helps.
mutualism is a mutual relationship such as co-ownership of property where both parties benefit.
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