Answer:
Permanent settlements led to population increases. As populations grew, societies became more complex, as well as some social institutions that are older than civilization, but that fully developed in early civilizations: division of labor, social hierarchy, and even slavery.
In other words, as early civilizations became more complex, the relative egalitarianism of nomadic and semi nomadic societes disappeared.
In the United States, the Constitution is the ultimate "law of the land," meaning that the federal government has sovereignty over the states--although some powers are "shared".
While the Persians did enforce some rather retrospectively horrid punishments specifically punishing the Egyptian aristocracy by selling there daughters into slavery and killing their sons it is important to remember that everything from a historical perspective is realities. <span>the Assyrians on one hand once invited its enemy's over for a feast and served them their own son's head on a platter. then proceeded to rip out the eyeballs allowing them to live the rest of their lives with the last sight being the head of their sons.</span>
In a closed primary you can only vote for someone in your registered party. In an open primary anyone can vote for any candidate in either party regardless of whether they are registered democrat or republican
Hope this helps :)