It strengthened ethnic nationalist feelings, causing the Russian empire crumble. In the Ottoman empire there were many different ethnic groups. ... It angered conservative Turks and caused tension in the empire, weakening the Ottoman Empire
All this cartoon is saying that in agrarian societies such as these, the economy was primary based on bartering, since the exchange of goods and services was done one a "need by need" basis.
I can confirm the answer is A. federalism
