Answer:
a. parasitism:
The parasite benefits by harming the host e.g hookworms and humans
b. commensalism
In this association, one species benefits while the other is unaffected (its not harm and dies not benefit) e.g. epiphytic orchids and trees
c. mutualism
Here, both species benefit as seen in rumen bacteria and cows
Explanation:
Parasitism = +/- relationship
The predator benefits by harming the host. E.g. hookworms and humans. The hookworm (parasite) eat man blood while man (host) loses blood to it.
Commensalism = +/0 relationship
One specie(s) benefits while the other specie(s) neither benefits nor is harmed. E.g. epiphytic orchids live on tree branches or tree trunks as it's habitat or shelter while the trees neither benefits nor is harmed
Mutualism = +/+ relationship
Both organisms benefit in this relationship. E.g. rumen microbes aids grass digestion in cows, while the microbes benefit as it obtain steady food or nutrient from the cow
A chemical indicator is a substance that changes color when you an acid to it. it is used to test the acidity in water, soil, etc.
i havent learned how it works yet , but ill try to figure it out for you
Answer:
The plasma membrane is a phospholipid
Explanation:
The plasma membrane is phospholipid bilayer. The layers are two and are continuous flat sheets. They have proteins and cholesterol embedded in them, for facilitating the transport of compounds and maintanng fluidity. The lipid bilayer is both hydrophobic and hydrophillic.
Answer:
Morphospecies, phylogenetic, and biological species concepts are used by scientists for classification.
Explanation:
