The answer would be A. Religion.
During the 1500s, a <span>
German professor-priest Martin Luther who in 1517 issued a challenge the
church over this new interest in worldly affairs. He wanted the church to
return to the pure (spiritual) ways of the early church--and back away from
all this recent interest in power and wealth--which was rapidly corrupting
it.</span>
He died on the 30 April 1945
<span>The Byzantine Empire under Justinian wanted to promote continuity with the Western Roman Empire.
http://blahschoolstuff.blogspot.com/2017/05/100-module-pretest-world-history.html
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