I would say answer A because none of the other responses make sense with the context given. The father only picked out the parts in life he wanted to live by and that he believed in. Those things were important to him if he chose to live by them, hence him “knowing the important things in life”.
The transition which could replace the word thus in this sentence is definitely consequently.
Workers bravely set dangerous explosives in the mountains by hand to make passes for railroads, and consequently hundreds lost their lives.
I’d say maybe B?
Correct me if I’m wrong