First came the Zollverein (Toll Union) in 1833 that, by abolishing tolls between the various German principalities, made Germany into a common market. For a period of decades, until about 1860's, there were attempts at imitating in Germany the industrialization that had taken place elsewhere in Europe.
1: optimistic
2: confident
Because it is an improper fraction you can divide 31 by 5, your anwser is 6.2
A. Cause orbit contains space
D they surprised the Persians by crossing the Aegean Sea to attack