The correct answer is <em>D. Image A: dual federalism; Image B: cooperative federalism.
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Cooperative federalism is a political system where the line that divides the responsibilities and faculties of the federal government and the state governments is not clear. Dual federalism is a system where the responsibilities and faculties of the federal government and the state governments are clearly defined.
The rigid structure of Dual federalism has horizontal power between national and state governments. It also respects sovereignty in their fields and promotes competition. The structure of Cooperative federalism has a vertical power between national and state governments, it is more flexible and promotes cooperation.
In this quote, Thurgood Marshall is talking about the time between the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation (which was supposed to free slaves in the Confederacy) to the Brown vs. Board case which ruled that "separate but equal" is unconstitutional.
The reason he brings up these two events is because it shows how little progress American society has changed in these 90 years. Even though African-Americans were supposed to be free citizens after the Emancipation Proclamation, they were still treated as second class citizens in the US. They were constantly targets of voter discrimination, violence, and prejudice.
I think the answer to your question is c. deforestation causes a decline in atmospheric
oxygen because evapotranspiration means the process by which water is transferred
from the land to the atmosphere by evaporation from the soil and other surfaces by transpiration from plants.
Ensuring C) domestic tranquility means ensuring peacefulness or calmness. Domestic tranquility refers to peace to peace at home. It can be applied to family as well as to states. When referring to states domestic tranquility refers to peace kept among states as set out in the Constitution. It includes the federal governments rights to end rebellions and smooth out tensions between states.
