The seismic waves that shake the ground in a vertical fashion are Rayleigh waves-surface waves.
Rayleigh waves-surface waves move in an elliptical motion. They can be both vertical and horizontal component of motion in the direction of wave propagation. They are caused by earthquakes.
Answer:
Erosion happens over time but water contributes to erosion and the more water that crashes against the rocks, the quicker they start to chip away. There is also the threat of lighting, but the rainwater + the ocean/seawater is the main threat!
Explanation:
Birmingham's nickname was "Bombingham" because there had been about 60 unsolved bombings and no one arrested for them.