<span>The correct answer is "by the ruling monarch." "Absolute monarchies" means that the ruler, or monarch, has total control. Thus, this monarch will be the one to determine the citizens' rights. "Elected legislature" would be a body of representatives that the people elect to then determine the citizens' rights. "By the citizens themselves" would be a direct democracy, in which each person has a direct vote. "By the nobility" would be more like an oligarchy, in which several, high-ranking people are the most powerful.</span>
In 1453 AD is the year that the Byzantine empire covered the least amount of territory.
