For 18, i'd say D.
For 19, i'd say D.
The Sand Creek<span> Massacre summary: On November 29, </span>1864<span>, seven hundred members of the </span>Colorado<span> Territory militia embarked on an attack of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indian villages. The militia was led by U.S. Army Col. John Chivington, a Methodist preacher, as well as a freemason.</span>
C) Lack of Strong Leadership
fertile soil and milder climate led to larger farms and cash crops; availability of natural resources led to small-scale manufacturing, lumbering, and mining; good ports allowed trade.