1. Land Grant System- offered each railroad company land
2. Companies sold off their excess land to settlers, real estate agents, and businesses- able to cover all building costs because of this.
The answer is plessey vs. fergoson .
"It was strategically located to deal with the Persians in the east and barbarians to the north" was not a reason why the Emperor Constantine selected the ancient town of Byzantium as the site for his new capital of Constantinople, since this location did not mitigate many of the effects of foreign invasions.
