Answer:
The physical infrastructure for X-ray crystallography structural biology includes synchrotrons, which are affordable by a nation. There are 47 in the world (lightsources.org). Each synchrotron provides a number of beamlines for experiments, usually including several optimized for macromolecular X-ray crystallography, often some for other structural biology techniques including SAXS (Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering) and CD (Circular Dichroism), and usually some beamlines for material sciences and other non-biological applications.
Explanation:
https://www.creative-biostructure.com/Data-Processing-and-Interpretation-584.htm
Answer:
When a liquid inside a glass container is measured, the bottom of the meniscus is observed to get an accurate measurement.
Explanation:
The meniscus is the curve seen at the top of the liquid and it can be either concave or convex in shape as per the liquid used. For example, liquids like water produce a concave meniscus. the meniscus is measured by keeping the glassware to the eye level by bringing it to your level or bending down. The measurement is taken from the center of meniscus. For instance, Liquids are measured from the bottom of meniscus and mercury is measured from the top of meniscus.
Pathogens that cause communicable diseases:
Viruses.
Bacteria.
Fungi.
Protists.
Diseases that are caused by bacteria:
Cholera.
Leprosy.
Tuberculosis.
Plague.
Syphilis.
Anthrax.
Anaphylaxis A. Because it’s an allergic reaction
