The Articles of Confederation created a one branch of government consisting of a national legislature called "the Congress," although it should be noted that this Congress was very different from what it is today.
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Romanticism came as a reaction to enlightenment. The ideas of nationality and homeland started developing more and a pride in being a member of a country started growing. This led to numerous new revolutions since people wanted to be independent and have their own countries and countries like Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire lost huge amounts of influence.