Answer:
Helper T cells are arguably the most important cells in adaptive immunity, as they are required for almost all adaptive immune responses. They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells. As dramatically demonstrated in AIDS patients, without helper T cells we cannot defend ourselves even against many microbes that are normally harmless.
Helper T cells themselves, however, can only function when activated to become effector cells. They are activated on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, which mature during the innate immune responses triggered by an infection. The innate responses also dictate what kind of effector cell a helper T cell will develop into and thereby determine the nature of the adaptive immune response elicited.
In this final section, we discuss the multiple signals that help activate a T cell and how a helper T cell, once activated to become an effector cell, helps activate other cells. We also consider how innate immune responses determine the nature of adaptive responses by stimulating helper T cells to differentiate into either TH1 or TH2 effector cells.
Answer:
a. Acetyly coA carboxylase
Explanation:
Citrate activates Acetyl CoA carboxylase but inhibits Citrate synthase
The options in this question are missing; here are the options:
You should:
A. Give supplemental oxygen and transport her to the hospital.
B. Give high-flow oxygen and administer 100 mg of Benadryl.
C. Assist her in administering epinephrine via her auto-injector.
D. Advise her that she can probably drive herself to the hospital.
The answer to this question is A. Give supplemental oxygen and transport her to the hospital
Explanation:
The symptoms of the patient shows she is experiencing an allergic reaction to penicillin, which is mainly manifested through Urticaria or hives. However, the symptoms show this is not a severe reaction or anaphylaxis because she is alert, stable and she has no difficulties breathing. Due to this, it is not necessary to use the epinephrine.
Instead of this, it is recommended she goes to the hospital; however, as she is still at risk of a severe allergic reaction she should not drive, thus, one key recommendation is to transport the patient to the hospital. Besides this, the ideal oxygen saturation is between 95% and 100%, this means the patient oxygen saturation (94%) is a bit low. Due to this, it is a good idea to give supplemental oxygen, while she is taken to the hospital. Thus, the correct option is A.
Basophils contain large cytoplasmic granules which obscure the cell nucleus under the microscope when stained. However, when unstained, the nucleus is visible and it usually has two lobes. ... Both cell types store histamine, a chemical that is secreted by the cells when stimulated.
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