Answer:
The effects of tropical cyclones include heavy rain, strong wind, large storm surges near landfall, and tornadoes. The destruction from a tropical cyclone, such as a hurricane or tropical storm, depends mainly on its intensity, its size, and its location. Tropical cyclones remove forest canopy as well as change the landscape near coastal areas, by moving and reshaping sand dunes and causing extensive erosion along the coast. Even well inland, heavy rainfall can lead to landslides in mountainous areas. Their effects can be sensed over time by studying the concentration of the Oxygen-18 isotope within caves.
Environment
After the cyclone has passed, devastation often continues. Fallen trees can block roads and delay rescues, with medical supplies, or slow the repairs to electrical lines, telephone towers or water pipes, which could put other lives at risk for days or months. Stagnant water can cause the spread of disease, and transportation or communication infrastructure may have been destroyed, hampering clean-up and rescue efforts. Nearly 2 million people have died globally due to tropical cyclones. Despite their devastating effects, tropical cyclones are also beneficial, by potentially bringing rain to dry areas and moving heat from the tropics poleward. Out at sea, ships take advantage of their known characteristics by navigating through their weaker, western half.
Hazards are often characterized as primary, secondary or tertiary. A primary hazard involves destructive winds, debris and storm surge. Secondary hazards include flooding and fires. Tertiary hazards include spikes in prices of food and other necessities, as well as long term hazards like water-borne diseases.
Answer:
See explanation below
Explanation:
Tectonic hazards are a type of natural hazards such as earthquakes and tsunamis that involve the movement of tectonic plates in the earth's crust. When the plates move, they can become stuck as a result of friction and this can build up tension and cause the plates to let go.
The effects of tectonic hazards vary between areas of contrasting wealth. People in low income countries are more at risk to the effects of tectonic hazard than those in high income countries. The unavailability of trained scientists to monitor and predict the hazards, the unavailability of good emergency services, medical services and bad living condition which are associated with low income countries make them more vulnerable to the effects of tectonic hazards.
Very good examples are the Gorkha, Nepal earthquake of 2015 with magnitude 7.8 and the L'Aquilla, Italy earthquake of 2009 with magnitude 6.3
The primary and secondary effects of both earthquakes vary widely because Nepal is a low income country and Italy, a high income country.
In Italy, 305 people died and 1500 people were injured. 10,000 to 15, 000 buildings collapsed and about 67,500 people were made homeless.
In Nepal, 8692 people died and 20,000 people were injured. Almost 3 million people were made homeless.
Comparing the primary effects of both earthquakes, it is evident that there were more casualties and deaths in Nepal because of its inability to cope with the effects of the earthquake due to its low income state.
Italy was better prepared and coped better which lead to less casualties and recovery time.
Answer:
Shield volcanoes are built by many layers over time and the layers are usually of very similar composition. The low viscosity also means that shield eruptions are non-explosive. There are two types of lava flows, pahoehoe which is a ropy type of lava that flows easily (low viscosity).
Immanuel Wallerstein explained this relationship as developed World Systems Theory. The system consists of three levels. First is the main core country which dominates and has control of the other two levels. The second is semi periphery, which is both a core and peripheral (dependent on capital and products to the core). The last is a dependent country to the core, peripheral.
The US is a core country that has assets in terms of capital and product that it extends to peripheral nations. In a way, it gains control over peripheral because of its economic dominance. This makes the US have an edge to the raw materials and skilled labor of the peripherals