England was the first to split.
I believe the answer is Gold.
Gold was a very hot commodity at that time because before we use paper/digital money like today, Gold was made as material to make a type of money with more intrinsic value.
The abundance of this natural resources led to many European empire came and started their colonization in AFrica.
Answer:
It is best to show love to everyone, including your enemies.
No, some had better owners so they weren’t worked as hard and got a little education while other slaves were worked until they passed out or in some cases died and didn’t get any education.
For the First Crusade the main goal was to halt the spread of Muslim rule