C.
Warm, moist air in the atmosphere causes an increase in ocean temperatures. This is one processes that describes the effect Earth's atmosphere has on Earths hydrosphere.
Explanation:
When the atmosphere is warm, this heat is transferred to the oceans by conduction - because the two systems are not isolated from each other they share matter and energy. The warmer the atmosphere the warmer the oceans become. Moist air also means that the atmosphere cannot accommodate as much more moisture. Therefore oceans cannot lose much heat by evaporation. Collectively, warm moist air causes a significant rise in ocean temperatures.
Learn More:
For more on interactions between atmosphere and hydrosphere check out;
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Verticle erosion/downcutting deepens the channel
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Some colonists became skilled craftsmen in the Middle Colonies because it ended up not being enough open farm land for everyone to farm and there was, at that time, not enough of other trades so instead of farming, they went to craftsmanship. Most of the farm land was also covered with a lot of forestry and at the time, tree removal was a very long and lengthy process; this meant that land would open up at a painfully slow pace. Basically, they didn't have much of an option to go to other avenues to make money.