The steam boat
The cotton gin and others
The first statement is correct. Perfumes were extremely important part of everyday life in Egypt. The second statement is not correct because Egyptians were actaully perfume producers and were importing raw materials for their perfume production.
I think the answer is increase an increase in demand for the stocks of similar companies. If all similar stocks would increase, the effect would also increase the stock price of a company. This is could be in consideration of sudden changes of factors in the market that gave basis for price increases. This might have created a standard of near prices for similar stocks.