The method that will help you recall the information you just read would be the SQ4R method, which stands for [Survey // Question // Read // Recite // Relate // Review]. This could help you comprehend what you're reading, and it could make you become aware of what the information is telling you.
The author used chronological order to show how things have evolved through history
Most transitions are going to be Two Paragraphs! I took college English and my professor wanted us to change topics/ideas every 2-3 paragraphs :)
Informational/factual/historical. It might be any of these, if there is a multiple choice, send that that before putting that as your answer.