The defense system of the human body is made up of entire organs and vessel systems like the lymph vessels, but also of individual cells and proteins. The inner and outer surfaces of the body are the first barriers against pathogens (germs). These surfaces include the skin and all mucous membranes, which form a kind of mechanical protective wall.
Several things support this protective wall:
<span><span>- The body’s own antibacterial substances can disable different pathogens from the environment at an early stage. A certain enzyme found in saliva, the airways and tear fluid destroys the cell walls of bacteria.
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- Many pathogens that are breathed in get stuck to mucus in the bronchi and are then moved out of the airways by hair-like structures called cilia.
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- Most pathogens that enter the body together with food are usually stopped by stomach acid.
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- Normal flora, harmless bacteria that reside on the skin and many mucous membranes in the body, also help to protect the body.</span></span>
The cough and sneeze reflex can also help to remove pathogens.
Hope this helps (:
Genes code for proteins. That way they determine biological structures and functions. Besides genes, the environment has the great impact on the structure of an organism. Alleles and genes will give a trait, but the environment can affect it. For example, alleles that are responsible for height will give a person some average height. But if the person begins to train basketball at the early age (during growth), the person will overcome the average height. This is the effect of the environment and not genes. The other example is that if a person lives in a sunny region, the person will be tan.
Answer:
The tilt of the Earth's axis
Answer:
C. The concentrations of products and reactants are equal.
Explanation:
A reaction has reached equilibrium when the concentrations of products and reactants are equal.
<span><span>Kingdom:Animalia
</span><span>Phylum:Mollusca</span></span>Class: Gastropoda
Symmetry: Bilateral
mantle<span> Is used for breathing and </span>excretion
Foot helps in locomotion
The visceral mass<span> helps in digestive, nervous, excretory, reproductive, and respiratory systems.</span>
Cephalopod belongs to the same phylum.
