The messenger RNA is a single-stranded intermediate
molecule that transfers the genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm,
which is used as a template to assemble the chain of amino acids that form a variety of polypeptides. Therefore, mRNA is the blueprint for
protein synthesis, which is read according to the genetic code during gene
expression.
I think the cytoskeletal protein that helps a cell maintain its shape is actin.
Answer:
Humoral immunity involves <u>B cells</u> and<u> recognize antigens or pathogens in the lymph or blood.</u>
Explanation:
Humoral immunity is defined as the immunity which is mediated by several macromolecules presnet in the extracellular fluids such as antibodies, certain antimicrobial peptides, and complement proteins.
Humoral immunity allows to distinguishes two groups of foreign substances. it involves <u>B cells</u> and<u> recognize antigens or pathogens in the lymph or blood. </u>
Humoral immunity begins when an antigens bind to B cells. Interleukins or helper T cells provides a secondary signal to the B cells that activates a B cell and allows B cell proliferation. which roduces produce plasma cells. The plasma cell then produces antibodies which are identical to the specific antigen. The antibodies are the released and circulate through the body, binding to antigens. B cells the further produces memory cellss for future immunity.
So, Humoral immunity involves <u>B cells</u> and<u> recognize antigens or pathogens in the lymph or blood.</u>
Answer:
The correct answer is option (e)-"All of the answer choices are correct".
Explanation:
Fossils are defined as the remains of ancient organisms. Fossils are obtained from impressions left after an organism decays. There are different kinds of fossils depending on the material they are made of and how they were formed. Some fossils are made from minerals that are the replacement of the organic matter of the ancient organism, or are the replacement of mud that came from footprints. Alternatively, fossils could be plant resins or tar that preserved a specimen within.
Normal polarity
Explanation:
Earth's magnetic field used to be twice as strong 1.5 billion years ago as it is today and Earth's temperature other than what the geologists see from the 'normal' pattern. It has been noticed that some volcanic rocks were magnetized in opposite direction to the direction of the local Earth's field. It is clear that the Earth has experienced the normal polarity 1.5 years ago but at that time, the Earth's polarity was poorly understood.
