We can actually deduce here that the grammatical name given to the following expression.... " that education will provide a continuing supply.... " is: Noun phrase.
<h3>What is noun phrase?</h3>
Noun phraserefers to the phrase that has a noun which is actually used to function as a noun in a sentence. Other types of phrases are:
Adjectival phrase
Adverbial phrase
Prepositional phrase, etc.
We see here that the given expression is a noun phrase functioning as a noun in the sentence.