<span>“Civil
rights refers to two related but different terms. In civil law
jurisdictions, a civil right is a right or power which can be exercised
under civil law, which includes things such as the ability to contract.
In civil law jurisdictions, lawsuits between private parties for things
such as breach of contract or a tort are usually expressed in terms of
infringement of a civil right. For example, Article 2 of the Contract
Law of the People's Republic of China defines a contract as "an
agreement establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and
obligations between subjects of equal footing".
In common law jurisdiction, the term civil right is distinguished from
"human rights" or "natural rights". Civil rights are rights that are
bestowed by nations on those within their territorial boundaries, while
natural or human rights are rights that many scholars claim that
individuals have by nature of being born. For example, the philosopher
John Locke (1632–1704) argued that the natural rights of life, liberty
and property should be converted into civil rights and protected by the
sovereign state as an aspect of the social contract. Others have argued
that people acquire rights as an inalienable gift from a deity (such as
God) or at a time of nature before governments were formed
“Civil liberties are freedoms that protect the individual from
government to a certain extent. Civil liberties set limits for
government so that it cannot abuse its power and interfere with the
lives of its citizens.”
“Common civil liberties include freedom of association, freedom of
assembly, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech, and additionally,
the right to due process, to fair trial, to own property and to privacy.
The formal concept of civil liberties dates back to the Magna Carta of 1215 which in turn was based on pre-existing documents.” </span>
Best answer is B) colony
A colony is a new settlement by a group of people on behalf of their culture or the nation they come from. For example, the British formed the Jamestown colony on behalf of the United Kingdom, and Spain formed colonies in the New World under the Spanish Crown.
Well, the Soviet Union was made from different countries in Eastern Europe - many of them containing totally different ethnic populations, and whole other countries after the communism comes change their status as territory of Russia. After the fall of the Soviet Union many of the Republics regain their sovereignty, but then there is the question with territories which previous changed their status to stay part of Russia, to become part of the neighboring countries or to exist independently. This caused a lot of ethnic problems and wars. For example in Ukraine a lot of people speak Russian and prefer again to be part of Russia. Also there are a lot of Bulgarians in Ukraine, which makes whole cities to be renamed and the official language there to be strictly Bulgarian. In Moldova, the problem is Rumanian or Russian and usually because of these ethnic problems some of the Eastern European countries are bilingual.