Answer:
Penicillin
Explanation:
The first "real" antibiotic, penicillin, was developed in 1928 by a Scottish bacteriologist named Alexander Fleming. It is used to treat different bacterial diseases. It comes from the mold Penicillium Notatum (also known as Pencicillum Crysogenum). Penicillin was unintentionally found, however it is a significant medical discovery.
Penicillin frequently obstructs crucial metabolic routes for bacteria. Bacteria typically build a cell wall to defend themselves. By creating peptydoglican, a chemical in the cell wall that gives the wall the power it needs to live, the antibiotic Penicillin stops the bacterial process. The outcome is that the developing bacteria are unable to produce cell walls and quickly perish.
Since humans lack a cell wall, penicillin cannot affect us in this way. No biochemical action that occurs inside the human body is inhibited by it. However, Penicillin will affect any bacteria that uses these methods to create cell walls.
Penicillin are grouped into various types based on their effectiveness:
- Penicillin VK, also known as phenoxymethylpenicillin, aids in the treatment of bacterial infections. For instance, throat, mouth, gum, and ear infections. Pneumonia, scarlet fever, skin infections, and respiratory infections are also treated with this medication.
- Highly efficient against both gram-positive and gram-negative brief bacterial infections is penicillin G (benzylpenicillin). used to treat stomach infections, meningitis, gonorrhea, syphilis, endocarditis, sepsis, and diphtheria.
At least three significant Swedish periodicals named the discovery of penicillin as the most significant discovery of the millennium as the year 2000 drew near. It is hard to determine how many lives this discovery has save, although some of these journals estimated that number to be close to 200 million.
Major developments in medical technology, such as the widespread manufacture of penicillin, occurred during World War II. The first patient with septicemia, or blood poisoning, was successfully treated with U.S.-made penicillin on March 14, 1942. Even though that single treatment used up half of the penicillin that was available in the United States, improved methods for generating penicillin quickly and in huge quantities were required to treat soldiers serving overseas. In advance of the D-Day landings on June 6, 1944, scientists produced 2.3 million doses of penicillin by working around the clock. Discuss with your pupils the significance of antibiotics in human history as well as the joint effort to create penicillin in large quantities. The major effort to develop penicillin into a useful antibiotic did not start until 1938, at Oxford University, under the guidance of Australian pharmacologist Howard Florey and Jewish immigrant Ernst Chain. Both the scientific and military worlds showed a tremendous deal of interest in Florey and Chain's report on the mice studies. The Second World War was now well under way in Europe, and success or failure might depend on the capacity to control sickness and infection. Florey and Heatley traveled to the United States in July 1941 to continue their study and look for assistance from the American pharmaceutical industry because British facilities were producing other medications required for the war effort in Europe. They persuaded Merck, E. R. Squibb & Sons, Charles **Pfizer & Co., Lederle Laboratories, and Lederle Pharmaceuticals to help produce penicillin. *Full disclosure: the author has worked for Pfizer for 25 years.
