Low-mass stars end their lives here by ejecting their outer layers due to their thermal momentum during the planetary nebula stage, while high-mass stars have enough mass to survive this stage.
Stars form from collapsing cores of molecular clouds, and the core distribution is already skewed in that there are more low-mass nuclei than high-mass nuclei (this is actually observed in molecular clouds). So, of course, there are more low-mass stars than high-mass stars.
Both low-mass and high-mass stars begin to fuse hydrogen into helium, but high-mass stars burn hydrogen faster because the pressure and temperature at their core increases. The second difference is that you can create heavier elements.
The main difference between massive and low-mass stars at this point is the helium flash. Massive stars do not have helium fusion flashes. The exact stages of evolution are: Subgiant Branch (SGB) - combustion of hydrogen shell - expansion of the outer layer.
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