A fungi-plant mutualism is discussed in the reading. How does this fungi-plant mutualism work?

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Mycorrhiza, or the association of a fungus with plant roots, and lichen (fungi with blue-green algae combination)are two typical mutualistic connections involving fungi.

Discussion about mutualism-

Many fungi cause plant harm or death. Although there are fungi that are advantageous to plants:

The majority of terrestrial plants are closely allied with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus (AM fungi), which promote their expansion. A gene that is especially triggered by arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungus and affects the growth of the plant root has been discovered by scientists who have examined the evolution of this symbiosis: MIG1, a GRAS transcription factor, promotes the growth of bigger and more numerous root cortical units.

Both parties are benefitted: The arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungus defends the plants against pests, aids in the extraction of minerals from the soil, including urea, phosphorus, and groundwater, and encourages plant development by affecting root formation.

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Identify the letter that indicates the vessel that arises from the union of the left and right brachiocephalic veins.

Mrrafil [7]

While looking at the figure, the union of the left and right brachiocephalic veins is Point A.

<h3>What are brachiocephalic veins?</h3>

The internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein join to form the brachiocephalic veins, also known as the innominate veins, which are substantial venous systems in the thorax.
On the right side of the upper chest, the superior vena cava is formed by the union of the left and right brachiocephalic veins.
These blood arteries are an essential part of the circulatory system in humans because they facilitate the removal of deoxygenated blood from the head and upper limbs.
The internal jugular vein on the right and subclavian vein on the left combine to form the brachiocephalic veins. Both the vena cava and the brachiocephalic veins lack valves.

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