The overall outcome of the war was threefold: the trial<span> and </span>execution of Charles I<span> (1649); the exile of his son, Charles II (1651); and the replacement of </span>English monarchy<span> with, at first, the </span>Commonwealth of England<span>(1649–1653) and then </span>the Protectorate<span> under the personal rule of </span>Oliver Cromwell<span> (1653–1658) and subsequently his son </span>Richard<span> (1658–1659). The monopoly of the </span>Church of England<span> on Christian worship in England ended with the victors' consolidating the established </span>Protestant Ascendancy<span> in Ireland. Constitutionally, the wars established the precedent that an English monarch cannot govern without </span>Parliament<span>'s consent, although the idea of Parliament as the ruling power of England was only legally established as part of the </span>Glorious Revolution<span> in 1688</span>
The term “Byzantine” derives from Byzantium, an ancient Greek colony founded by a man named Byzas. ... In 330 A.D., Roman Emperor Constantine I chose Byzantium as the site of a “New Rome” with an eponymous capital city, Constantinople
