The energy originated from the animal when it was alive
Answer:
All of those answer are correct.
A. Water being pumped in and out of guard cells.
None of them.
I'm assuming that you left off an option. a prokaryotic cell is a single-celled organism, generally a bacteria. an example would be e-coli.
Answer:
The ability to bring water into the gills when the mouth is closed would benefit a bottom dwelling shark or ray, because it would allow them to be more discreet when in the process of catching prey and they would be able to stop swimming. Most sharks have to continuously swim or else they would sink, while being able to bring water into the gills when the mouth is closed would highly benefit them and allow them to stop swimming for a moment.
Explanation:
I am not 100% sure this is the correct answer, but I am currently doing a lab on this, so I am using the knowledge I previously had and online resources. I am pretty confident though.