Cells with chloroplast , mitochondria , cell membrane , nucleus , central vacuole , cell wall describes a eukaryotic plant cell .
Eukaryotic cell :
These cells occur in all eukaryotes like protists , plants , fungi , and animals.
Eukaryotic cell size varies from 10mm to 500 mm . ostrich egg is the largest eukaryotic cell known measuring 170mm ×150mm .
In plants , the longest cells are sclerenchyma fibers of Ramie (Boehmeria nivea ) of Utricaceae .
But in animals neurons are the longest cells reaching up to 3m in elephants and whales .
The shape of the eukaryotic cell may be variable or fixed . variable shape occur in Amoeba , fixed shape occurs in most plant and animals .
In unicellular organisms the cell shape is maintained by plasma membrane and exoskeleton .
In multicellular organisms the shape of the cell depends on its functional adaptations .
<h3> Mitochondria :</h3>
Mitochondria are the filamentous , self-duplicating , double membranous cytoplasmic organelles of eukaryotic cells which are concerned with cellular respiration .
Mitochondria vary in shape and size , a typical mitochondria are generally rod like shaped , having length 1-4micrometer and breadth 0.2-1.5 micrometer . in some cases these are filamentous and oval or spherical .
They are energy transducing organelle found in all aerobic eukaryotic cells .
<h3>Vacuole :</h3>
Vacuoles are lifeless membranous fluid filled sacs present within the cytoplasm .
The vacuoles may originate directly from endoplasmic reticulum but most of the vacuolar proteins are derived from the Golgi complex .
The functions of vacuoles includes growth of cell , as storage compartment for primary metabolites , removal of toxic metabolites , site of pigment deposition , breakdown of macromolecules .
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