Huge reductions in meat-eating are essential to avoid dangerous climate change, according to the most comprehensive analysis yet of the food system’s impact on the environment. In western countries, beef consumption needs to fall by 90% and be replaced by five times more beans and pulses.
The dietary adjustments needed are becoming more extreme in wealthy countries. People from the UK and the US should consume four to six times as much beans and pulses as steak and milk. However, millions of undernourished people in developing countries need to eat a little bit more meat and dairy.
The experts suggested a combination of education, taxation, subsidies for plant-based diets, and modifications to menus at work and school to reduce meat consumption.
Existing environmental harm from food production includes greenhouse gas emissions from livestock, deforestation and water shortages from farming, as well as significant ocean dead zones from agricultural pollution. But if nothing is done, the effects will worsen as the world population increases by 2.3 billion by 2050 and global income triples, allowing more people to consume western diets high in meat.
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