Question

evidence supporting paracrine hypothesis for akt-modified mesench- ymal stem cell-mediated cardiac protection and functional improvement.'

Answer 1

By injecting Mesenchymal Stem Cells with ability to express high amount of Akt or protein kinase B in myocardium, researchers witnessed restored cardiac function and inhibition of ventricular remodeling. The effect was seen after two weeks of administration of cells. The culture containing hypoxic Akt-MSCs (conditioned medium) inhibits apoptosis or cell death induced due to hypoxia. Also, it triggers in vitro contraction of cardiomyocytes, the cardiac cells specifically responsible for contraction function.

The desired functional improvement can occur in short time which is less than 72 hours, the reason for which was hypothesized as paracrine action of cells.  Hypothesis was proved by upregulation of genes that code for factors responsible for above mentioned effects (apoptosis and contraction). The factors are FGF-2, VEGF, HGF etc.

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