The 2004 earthquake in Indonesia occurred due to subduction of the indian-australian plate under the eurasian plate, creating a tsunami that killed over 220,000 people.
Most tsunamis are caused by sudden vertical movement of the ocean floor. Certain types of earthquakes, shear and normal fault earthquakes, occur at shallow depths below the seafloor and can cause very rapid seafloor movements.
As a general rule, the larger the region of displacement and hence the stronger the wave, the stronger the earthquake. In 2004, an earthquake in a subduction zone west of the Indonesian island of Sumatra triggered a significant tsunami in the Indian Ocean. The Sumatra Trench is formed when pieces of the Eurasian Plate are sunk beneath the Indian Ocean Plate there.
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