When a volcano erupts, the molten rock (or magma) that comes out of the Earth is called lava. Because lava is so hot (more than 1,100 degrees C, over 2,000 degrees F), it remains molten and flows across the ground until it cools and hardens into rock.
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The iron in the earth's core is solid due to high pressure.
At the center of the earth is solid inner core, whose size is two-thirds of moon's size mad made up primarily of iron. The temperature in this core is equal to that of the sun's surface at 5,700 degrees Celsius. But the tremendous pressure caused by gravity prevents the iron from becoming liquid.
Surrounding this is the outer core made of nickel and small quantities of other metals and these remain liquid because the pressure here is a bit lower.
The main factor that shapes the life and eventual death of a star is how much mass it began with. A star that is 2.8 times the mass of our sun will most likely end up as a white dwarf.
When medium size stars are near the end most of the hydrogen core has been changed to helium. The helium core then begins to shrink and as this happens the core heats up. The energy that is released by the core heating up causes the the outer hydrogen shell to expand greatly. As the shell expands it cools and the colour changes to red.
The helium core will continue to heat up until the helium atoms start to fuse to form carbon atoms. When all the helium is fused to carbon it begins to die and gravity causes the last of of the star's matter to collapse inward forming a white dwarf.
