Answer:
mutation rates can be used to design molecular clocks in order to estimate divergence times among species
Explanation:
In evolutionary biology, the substitution rates (also known as mutation rates) are used for the development of 'molecular clocks' which allow estimating the divergence times among species or among taxonomic groups. Molecular clocks can be designed by estimating the divergence rate of nucleotide sequences (either DNA or RNA) and amino acid (protein) sequences. These substitution rates can also be used to track how quickly viruses evolve (for example, in a pandemic situation).
Answer: peristalsis
Explanation:it's the contraction and relaxation of muscles as the bolus moves down the oesophagus
Answer:
Explanation:
The parasites living at the respiratory system or tongue worms will hide under the soft tissues of the oral cavity, beneath the tongue and even beneath the throat or esophagus. These worms remain undetected during diagnosis. These worms are not subjected to the treatment of acids which worms in the digestive system are exposed to. Thus these worm parasites in the respiratory system or tongue survive comparatively for long as compared to the worms in the digestive system.
