Parapatric speciation may occur among small, local populations called demes.
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What is parapatric speciation?</h3>
In parapatric speciation, two subpopulations of a species separate themselves reproductively while still exchanging genes. Three traits set apart this process of speciation:
1) Mating is non-random;
2) Gene flow is uneven; and
3) Populations can be found in either continuous or discontinuous geographic areas.
This pattern of distribution may be the result of, among other things, unequal dispersal, gaps in physical barriers, or inconsistent behavioural expressions. Hybrid zones are predicted to frequently exist where the two populations converge by parapatric speciation.
The terms parapatric and parapatry are frequently used in biogeography to describe the interaction between animals whose ranges are close by to one another but do not considerably overlap; they do not coexist outside of a small contact zone.
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