The ultimate effect of violence and warfare between anglos and native Americans have in Texas caused severe decline in Native American population.
After several decades of Anglo-Indian warfare, one observer estimated the state's Native American population at about 12,000, a severe decline. For more information, see The People in your text. LO1.2 Describe the relationship between the social history of Texas and the political characteristics of the state's diverse population.
Since the arrival of Spanish explorers in the sixteenth century, Texas was a center of conflict between Europeans, Native Americans, and eventually Americans and Mexicans. The nineteenth century proved to be arguably the most chaotic century in Texan history. Texas started the century as a contested territory between Spain and the United States, eventually came under the control of Mexico, gained independence, and finally joined the United States. All the while, Anglo-American settlers were settling there and expanding its frontiers.
After Mexico gained its independence from Spain, it retained Texas despite the United States' multiple attempts to purchase the territory. Nevertheless, Mexico did welcome American settlers, provided those settlers agreed to adopt Spanish culture and language, and take on Mexican citizenship. American settlers, many of them slaveholders, began settling in the 1820s. Not long after the arrival of the first American settlers, an important force in frontier expansion was formed in 1823: the Texas Rangers.
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