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masya89 [10]
1 year ago
12

Identify the interaction used to describe each type of interdependence among organisms.

Biology
1 answer:
GalinKa [24]1 year ago
8 0

The interaction between red-billed oxpecker and impala is mutualism. The interaction between titan triggerfish and smaller fishes is commensalism.

<h3>Mutualism and Commensalism</h3>

Mutualism is a form of symbiotic interaction between two organisms in which both organisms benefit from the interaction without being negatively affected in any way.

Commensalism, on the other hand, is a form of interaction between two organisms in which one (the commensal) gains and the other neither benefits nor lose from the interaction.

The red-billed oxpecker gets its food off the fur of the Impala. The tick that serves as food for red-billed oxpecker is a parasite that harms the impala. Thus, the red-billed oxpecker gets its food while the impala gets the ticks that can harm it removed. A mutually beneficial relationship.

The activities of the Titan triggerfish benefit smaller fishes. The Titan triggerfish neither benefits nor gets harmed in the interaction. A form of commensalism.

More on mutualism and commensalism can be found here: brainly.com/question/17589318

#$SPJ1

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N which vertebrates did feathers first evolve?
Lapatulllka [165]
<span>Wings have evolved several times independently. In flying fish, the wings are formed by the enlargement of the pectoral fins. Some fish leap out of the water and glide through the air, both to save energy and to escape predators. If they were already gliding, then any mutation that would result in an increase of the gliding surface would be advantageous to the fish that has it. These advantageous may allow these fish to out-compete the others. 

Wings have also evolved in bats, pterosaurs, and birds. In these animals, the wings are formed by the forelimbs. In some lizards that have evolved gliding flight, however, the "wings" or gliding surfaces may be quite different. The lizard Draco, for example, has gliding surfaces formed by an extension of the ribs. A number of extinct reptiles have similar gliding surfaces. Frogs that glide have expanded webbing on their hands and feet. Gliding ("flying") squirrels and marsupial sugar gliders have flaps of skin that lie between the front and rear limbs. These gliding animals all have one thing in common: a gliding surface that is formed by enlarging some parts of the body. 

In pterosaurs, the wing is formed by an elongated finger and a large skin membrane attached to this finger. In bats, the wing is formed by the entire hand, with skin membranes connecting the elongated fingers. In birds, flight feathers are attached to the entire forelimb, while the fingers have fused together. In all of these animals except birds, the wing is a solid structure. In birds, however, the wing is formed by a large number of individual feathers lying close to each other and each feather is in turn formed by filaments that interlock. 

Biophysicists have determined that flight most likely evolved from the tree down. That means most active flyers evolved flight from an animal that was already gliding. Gliding was therefore probably an indispensable intermediate stage in the evolution of flight. Since gliding has evolved in so many different groups of animals, it follows that the ancestors of birds, bats, and pterosaurs were almost certainly gliders. 

Unfortunately, the fossil records of the immediate gliding ancestors of birds, bats, and pterosaurs are all missing. The first known bat and bird fossils are recognizable as flyers. The same is true of pterosaurs. Therefore the origin of these flyers remain a mystery and a subject of often acrimonious debate. There are people who claim that dinosaurs evolved insulation, which then evolved into feathers, but the evidence for that is lacking. The so-called proto-feathers found on some dinosaurs are indistinguishable from the collagen fibers found in the skin of most vertebrates. Some of the supposedly feathered dinosaurs, such as Caudipteryx and Protarchaeopteryx, are actually flightless birds. The same is probably true of Microraptor fossils, which are (as Alan Feduccia says) probably "avian non-dinosaurs." 

Even though the immediate ancestor of birds remains a mystery, there is a fossil known as Longisquama insignis, which lived during the late Triassic. It has featherlike structures on its back. It was probably a glider of some sort. So, this animal may well be the distant ancestor of Archaeopteryx, the oldest known bird. 

In sum, flying almost certainly evolved from animals that were already gliding, or from the tree down, not from the ground up. The dinosaurian origin of birds requires that dinosaurs evolved feathers from insulation and flight to have evolved from the ground up. Both of these requirements are extremely unlikely to have occurred in evolutionary history, because dinosaurs are almost certainly ectothermic (or "cold-blooded") and therefore they never evolved insulation, and because feathers are too unnecessarily complex to have evolved as insulation. Flight from the ground up is also dangerous because large animals that attempt to fly from the ground may crash and seriously injure or even kill themselves. We all know how dangerous an airplane can be if it loses power and crashes. Small and light weight animals, OTOH, that were already gliding can survive if their attempt to fly fails. Finally, if flight evolved from gliding, then why do animals glide? The answer is that gliding is energetically much cheaper than to descend a tree, walk along the ground, and then climb up another tree. Besides, it is almost certainly much safer to glide from one tree to another than to be walking on the ground for many arboreal animals. 

See link below for details of why dinosaurs are considered ectothermic according to the available scientific evidence.</span>Source(s):<span>http://discovermagazine.com/1996/dec/aco...</span>
3 0
3 years ago
Do stomata close when there is a lack of water in soil or a lack of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
Arte-miy333 [17]

<em>When water is abundant:</em>

-Temporal regulation of stomata is used:

Open during the day

Closed at night

- At night, there is no photosynthesis, so no demand for CO2 inside the leaf.

- Sunny day = demand for CO2 in leaf is high = stomata wide open.

- As there is plenty of water, plant trades water loss for photosynthesis products.

-  If the leaf's CO2 concentration is low, the stomata will stay open to continue fueling photosynthesis.

- High temperatures will also signal stomata to close.

- When limited water is available in the soil, plants try to prevent water loss.

5 0
3 years ago
The sternal angleis the least likely part of A. the sternum to fracture in the elderly. B. occurs at the sternoclavicular joint.
Bumek [7]

Sternal angle marks the joint between the sternum and the 2nd rib.

Option E.

<h3><u>Explanation:</u></h3>

Sternum is the breast bone which is a dorsi ventrally flattened bone present in thorax of human. It gives the support for the ribs where the ribs join. A sternum has three parts - Manubrium sterni, body of sternum and the xyphoid process.

The sternum has attachments of a total of 10 ribs and clavicle. The clavicle and the first rib joins in the Manubrium sterni, and the 3rd to 10th rib joins in the body of sternum. The 2nd rib joins in a facet which is partly in Manubrium sterni and partly in body of sternum. This place id also called the sternal angle. So the sternal angle marks the joint of 2nd rib to sternum.

3 0
3 years ago
Many different types of mutations can occur within the body. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that is caused by different m
vitfil [10]

Answer:

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3 years ago
In what region of the United States did most of the battles shown on the map occur?
Alexeev081 [22]

Answer:you

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