Peridotite is the pieces of green olivine-rich mantle rock that are sometimes carried to the surface by basaltic lava.
The silicate minerals olivine and pyroxene make up the majority of the composition of peridotite, which is a dense, coarse-grained igneous rock.
Because the rock has less than 45% silica, peridotite is ultramafic. Because it contains significant amounts of the magnesium-rich mineral olivine, it has a high magnesium content (Mg2+). Peridotite originates in the Earth's mantle, either as crystals gathered from magmas that erupted in the mantle or as solid blocks and pieces.
Peridotites from these layered igneous complexes have a variety of compositions that reflect the relative amounts of pyroxenes, chromite, plagioclase, and amphibole.
The term "peridotite" derives from the mineral peridot, which is made up of light green olivine.
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