On November 29, 1864, 700 militiamen from the Colorado Territory launched an assault on communities inhabited by Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians. U.S. Army Col. John Chivington, a Methodist minister and a freemason, served as the militia's commander.
<h3>What was the cause of the Sand Creek Massacre?</h3>
The long-running struggle for dominance of eastern Colorado's Great Plains was one of the main factors leading to the Sand Creek Massacre. Ownership of the region north of the Arkansas River and up to the Nebraska border was secured by the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851, which also included the Cheyenne and Arapahoe.
Around 160 men, women, and children, including the elderly and infirm, were killed in a surprise attack by the U.S. Army on a non-combatant encampment of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians in 1864 at the Big Sandy Creek in southeast Colorado.
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