As Earth cooled, an atmosphere formed mainly from gases spewed from volcanoes. It included hydrogen sulfide, methane, and ten to 200 times as much carbon dioxide as today's atmosphere.
A standardized test taken by most high school Juniors and Seniors in order to qualify for college admittance and scholarships
The variable which is categorical in nature is: the color of the opposing team's jerseys.
<h3>What is a categorical data?</h3>
A categorical data can be defined as a type of statistical data that is used to group information that are having the same attributes or characteristics. Some examples of a categorical data include the following:
- Age
- Gender
- Race
- Religion
- Class
In this context, we can infer and logically deduce that the variable which is categorical in nature is the color of the opposing team's jerseys.
Read more on categorical data here: brainly.com/question/20038845
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Complete Question:
Coach Silva likes statistics. In fact, after each game he examines many variables to prepare for his next opponent. Which one of the following variables is categorical?
the color of the opposing team's jerseys
the number of passing yards for the quarterback
the attendance
the number of plays ran by the offense
The ability to generalize a study's results to different circumstances is known as external validity that suffers from 7 types of threats.
<h3>What are the threats to External Validity?</h3>
There are 7 major threats to external validity.
- The first threat is sampling bias, in which a sample is not representative of the population.
- The second threat is history, where an unrelated incident can affect the results.
- The third threat is observer bias, in which the traits or actions of the experimenter unintentionally affect the results, resulting in bias and other demand features.
- The fourth threat is the Hawthorne effect, which describes the propensity for individuals to alter their behaviour merely because they are aware that they are being observed.
- The fifth threat is the Testing Effect, in which the results are impacted by whether a test is administered before or after another.
- The sixth threat is the aptitude-treatment, which involves the interaction of individual and group factors to affect the dependent variable.
- The environment, time of day, location, researcher traits, and other variables that restrict the generalizability of the results are included in the seventh threat.
To learn more about external validity, refer:
brainly.com/question/28760166
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