Answer:
A. Mucus secretions that block airways
B. Inflamed airways that obstruct airflow
E. Overinflated alveoli that impair gas exchange
Explanation:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes problems in air-flow and breathing. It is indicated by shortness of breath, cough, mucus production and wheezing. COPD is caused by genetic factors, long term exposure to irritating gas and most commonly by smoking.
The long term exposure to tobacco results in blocked air ways and destruction of airways. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are two most common causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Chronic bronchitis;
A) It is the inflammation of airways that obstruct airflow.
B) It causes the production of mucus secretions that further blocks the airways.
E) Emphysema causes COPD by overinflated alveoli that impair gas exchange.
Answer:
1. spontaneously
2. resting potential
3. action potentials
4. pacemaker potentials
5. K+
6. Na+
7. into
8. Ca+
Explanation:
Pacemaker cells (also known as sinoatrial node cells) are cells that generate rhythmic impulses and set the pace for blood pumping in the heart. These cells have the ability to rhythmically depolarize and initiate action potentials. In pacemaker cells, Ca2+ and Na+ levels are higher in the extracellular environment, while K+ concentration is higher intracellularly. The pacemaker action potentials have three phases: 1-depolarization, where membrane potential reaches -40 mV and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open, 2-repolarization, where voltage-gated Ca2+ channels close and voltage-gated K+ channels open, and finally 3-gradual depolarization, which is caused by the slow influx of Na+ ions.
Osteoporosis. The prefix "osteo" means bone, "poro" means porous/with holes, and "osis" is a suffix that denotes an abnormal condition or state of being.
1.True
2.False
3. False
4. The transfer of microorganisms from one food or surface to another
5.Poor personal hygiene.
6. 41to 140
