New Mexico failed to gain statehood in the 1800s because various racial, religious, political, and economic difficulties contributed to the delay in the territory's becoming a state, including sectional conflicts like the Colfax County War.
First, in 1850, New Mexico had more than 61,000 inhabitants, which was required to be a state. We were not the appropriate kind of folks, though. American travelers along the Santa Fe Trail from Missouri to New Mexico over the preceding three decades produced reports that, in essence, disqualified New Mexicans from statehood.
New Mexico's top authorities would be chosen in Washington if it remained a territory. Because of this, the Hispanic majority tended to favor statehood because, if granted the opportunity to elect their own representatives, they could easily install native New Mexicans in the highest positions.
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