During the Japanese invasion of the Manchuria, President Hoover outlined the Hoover-Stimson Doctrine—a note that was supposed to be a message to Japan and China, contains the policy of non-recognition of any international territories that was gained by brutal force.
Answer:
About 90% sure it's reflection. Absorption would be containing it and refraction would be to break.
John Adams increased tension in the US during his time as president.He served during a period of naval conflicts with France. During this time he oversaw the Alien and Sedition Acts, which effectively banned protesting or speaking out against the government and paved the way for the deportation of immigrants. These acts were sold as protecting the country from anarchy, but they were widely viewed as suppressing dissent and punishing those who disagreed with the Federalist Party by individuals such as Thomas Jefferson.
Nicolaus Copernicus was the first scientitist to prose the helocentric theory. Galileo later proved it to be true.
I hope this helps!