Melanin is responsible for giving skin and hair its color. It is also responsible for protecting the skin from the damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Melanin works by absorbing and reflecting the UV radiation, thus preventing it from damaging the cells beneath the skin.
What is ultraviolet?
Ultraviolet (UV) is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays. UV radiation is present in sunlight, and makes up about 10% of the total electromagnetic radiation output from the sun. It is also produced by electric arcs and specialized lights, such as mercury-vapor lamps, tanning lamps, and black lights. UV radiation can be divided into three wavelength bands: UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVA radiation has the longest wavelength and is primarily used in tanning beds. UVB radiation has a medium wavelength and is primarily responsible for sunburns. UVC radiation has the shortest wavelength and is the most dangerous, but is completely filtered out by the Earth's atmosphere. Skin exposure to UV radiation can cause sunburn, skin cancer, and other health effects. Protective measures include the use of sunscreens, protective clothing, and avoiding direct exposure to sunlight.
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