Both Charles Fourier and Karl Marx and Engels were worried about how industrialization would affect European society, but they focused on different issues and made distinct recommendations for solutions.
The division of labor in industrial production and the strict morality of the nineteenth century, which, in Charles Fourier's opinion, crushed people's innate skills and desires, were the main issues. He was looking for a solution that would protect human diversity, get rid of business power, which he saw as a socially destructive force, and improve working conditions. His solution was the concept of the phalanx, a group of 1,500 to 1,600 individuals representing 810 different personality types who would coexist peacefully and carry out various jobs.
The industrial system itself was the main issue for Karl Marx and Engels. They held that the rise of industrial production and the interactions between employers and workers had sparked a fresh confrontation between exploitation-driven producers and those they exploited.
Karl Marx and Engels predicted that as industrialization advanced, this class divide would become more pronounced; since exploited, poor workers didn't offer much of a market for industrial goods, employer behavior would result in overproduction and underconsumption, which would then cause more wage cuts and higher unemployment before the workers (proletariat) rose up in revolt, which would then result in the destruction of capitalism and the establishment of a "dictatorship of the proletariat."
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