The first dinosaurs split off from reptiles during the Triassic Period (245–200 million years ago), when they began to colonize the land, the air, and the water. Modern coral, fish, and insects evolved in the midst of the forests' massive seed ferns and conifers.
The Cretaceous Phase is the third and last Mesozoic Era period in geologic time. The Jurassic Period preceded the Cretaceous Period, which began 145.0 million years ago and ended 66 million years later (the first of the two periods into which the Tertiary Period was divided). The Phanerozoic Eon's Cretaceous Period is its longest segment. It covers a span of 79 million years, which is longer than the duration since the end of the dinosaur era, when they went extinct. The land on Earth was effectively divided into two continents at the start of the Cretaceous Period: Laurasia in the north and Gondwana in the south. The Tethys seaway, which runs almost entirely across them, had already begun to rip the various parts of Laurasia and Gondwana apart. During the Jurassic, South America had begun to separate from Africa, from which India, Australia, and Antarctica were all separating, while North America had just started to break away from Eurasia.
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