Aside from being monotheistic belief systems that arose in the Middle East, Christianity, Judaism and Islam have a great deal in common. There are notable similarities in notions of sacrifice, good works, hospitality, peace, justice, pilgrimage, an afterlife and loving God with all one's heart and soul.
A theme is a history surrounding it or a repeating moment, a period is a time that the themes were set in. hope this helps P
Kipling was addressing the Americans, who were colonizing the Philippines
